Voilà la question que tout développeur front, ou tout développeur de thème, se pose quand il s’agit de commencer à coder la feuille de style !
Un « Reset » CSS remet tout à 0, ou presque, marges, etc tandis qu’un « Normalize » s’emploie à faire en sorte que n’importe lequel des navigateurs utilisés affiche les éléments de la même manière ; parce qu’il y a des différences entre moteur de rendu.
N’y connaissant pas grand chose, je suis loin d’être développeur front, j’ai posé la question sur les zociaux et voilà ce qu’on m’a répondu à la question Côté front, quel est l’état de l’art en terme de reset/normalize ?
.
La réponse la plus fréquente pointe vers ce dépôt, assez ancien, mais visiblement très employé. C’est une feuille de style de normalisation :
Feuille de style normalize.css
/*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */
/* Document
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Correct the line height in all browsers.
* 2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS.
*/
html {
line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}
/* Sections
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the margin in all browsers.
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/**
* Render the `main` element consistently in IE.
*/
main {
display: block;
}
/**
* Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and
* `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari.
*/
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
/* Grouping content
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox.
* 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE.
*/
hr {
box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 */
height: 0; /* 1 */
overflow: visible; /* 2 */
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
* 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
*/
pre {
font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}
/* Text-level semantics
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10.
*/
a {
background-color: transparent;
}
/**
* 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57-
* 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari.
*/
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: none; /* 1 */
text-decoration: underline; /* 2 */
text-decoration: underline dotted; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bolder;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers.
* 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers.
*/
code,
kbd,
samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */
font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Add the correct font size in all browsers.
*/
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
/**
* Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in
* all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
/* Embedded content
========================================================================== */
/**
* Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10.
*/
img {
border-style: none;
}
/* Forms
========================================================================== */
/**
* 1. Change the font styles in all browsers.
* 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
*/
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
font-family: inherit; /* 1 */
font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
margin: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Show the overflow in IE.
* 1. Show the overflow in Edge.
*/
button,
input { /* 1 */
overflow: visible;
}
/**
* Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE.
* 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox.
*/
button,
select { /* 1 */
text-transform: none;
}
/**
* Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
*/
button,
[type="button"],
[type="reset"],
[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button;
}
/**
* Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox.
*/
button::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner,
[type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner {
border-style: none;
padding: 0;
}
/**
* Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule.
*/
button:-moz-focusring,
[type="button"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="reset"]:-moz-focusring,
[type="submit"]:-moz-focusring {
outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
}
/**
* Correct the padding in Firefox.
*/
fieldset {
padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE.
* 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE.
* 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out
* `fieldset` elements in all browsers.
*/
legend {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
color: inherit; /* 2 */
display: table; /* 1 */
max-width: 100%; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 3 */
white-space: normal; /* 1 */
}
/**
* Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
*/
progress {
vertical-align: baseline;
}
/**
* Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE 10+.
*/
textarea {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10.
* 2. Remove the padding in IE 10.
*/
[type="checkbox"],
[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome.
*/
[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
* 2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
*/
[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
*/
[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/**
* 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
* 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari.
*/
::-webkit-file-upload-button {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */
font: inherit; /* 2 */
}
/* Interactive
========================================================================== */
/*
* Add the correct display in Edge, IE 10+, and Firefox.
*/
details {
display: block;
}
/*
* Add the correct display in all browsers.
*/
summary {
display: list-item;
}
/* Misc
========================================================================== */
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 10+.
*/
template {
display: none;
}
/**
* Add the correct display in IE 10.
*/
[hidden] {
display: none;
}Bien qu’elle soit largement utilisée, elle semble ne plus être tenue à jour et le nombre de corrections en attente est plutôt conséquent. Alors autant qu’à démarrer un nouveau projet je me suis dit qu’il faudrait peut-être trouver autre chose.
En faisant une recherche sur Github, j’ai aussi trouvé celui-ci, qui est une feuille de style de reset assez utilisée :
Feuille de style reset.css
/* Box sizing rules */
*,
*::before,
*::after {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Remove default margin */
body,
h1,
h2,
h3,
h4,
p,
figure,
blockquote,
dl,
dd {
margin: 0;
}
/* Remove list styles on ul, ol elements with a list role, which suggests default styling will be removed */
ul[role="list"],
ol[role="list"] {
list-style: none;
}
/* Set core root defaults */
html:focus-within {
scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
/* Set core body defaults */
body {
min-height: 100vh;
text-rendering: optimizeSpeed;
line-height: 1.5;
}
/* A elements that don't have a class get default styles */
a:not([class]) {
text-decoration-skip-ink: auto;
}
/* Make images easier to work with */
img,
picture {
max-width: 100%;
display: block;
}
/* Inherit fonts for inputs and buttons */
input,
button,
textarea,
select {
font: inherit;
}
/* Remove all animations and transitions for people that prefer not to see them */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
html:focus-within {
scroll-behavior: auto;
}
*,
*::before,
*::after {
animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}
}Au passage, la dernière règle — qui concerne l’accessibilité — est déjà en vigueur côté administration de Dotclear (et dans mon Berlin hacké sur Open-Time)
Vous pouvez constater qu’un reset, qui ne se pose pas beaucoup de question, est largement plus court qu’un normalize.
En continuant je suis aussi tombé sur ce projet, plus « moderne » qui semble combiner les deux approches pour en produire une troisième. Même si l’idée est intéressante j’ai l’intuition — pas franchement argumentée donc — qu’elle n’est pas adaptée à mes besoins :
Feuille de style remedy.css
/* @docs
label: Core Remedies
version: 0.1.0-beta.2
note: |
These remedies are recommended
as a starter for any project.
category: file
*/
/* @docs
label: Box Sizing
note: |
Use border-box by default, globally.
category: global
*/
*, ::before, ::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
/* @docs
label: Line Sizing
note: |
Consistent line-spacing,
even when inline elements have different line-heights.
links:
- https://drafts.csswg.org/css-inline-3/#line-sizing-property
category: global
*/
html { line-sizing: normal; }
/* @docs
label: Body Margins
note: |
Remove the tiny space around the edge of the page.
category: global
*/
body { margin: 0; }
/* @docs
label: Hidden Attribute
note: |
Maintain `hidden` behaviour when overriding `display` values.
category: global
*/
[hidden] { display: none; }
/* @docs
label: Heading Sizes
note: |
Switch to rem units for headings
category: typography
*/
h1 { font-size: 2rem; }
h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.17rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.00rem; }
h5 { font-size: 0.83rem; }
h6 { font-size: 0.67rem; }
/* @docs
label: H1 Margins
note: |
Keep h1 margins consistent, even when nested.
category: typography
*/
h1 { margin: 0.67em 0; }
/* @docs
label: Pre Wrapping
note: |
Overflow by default is bad...
category: typography
*/
pre { white-space: pre-wrap; }
/* @docs
label: Horizontal Rule
note: |
1. Solid, thin horizontal rules
2. Remove Firefox `color: gray`
3. Remove default `1px` height, and common `overflow: hidden`
category: typography
*/
hr {
border-style: solid;
border-width: 1px 0 0;
color: inherit;
height: 0;
overflow: visible;
}
/* @docs
label: Responsive Embeds
note: |
1. Block display is usually what we want
2. Remove strange space-below in case authors overwrite the display value
3. Responsive by default
4. Audio without `[controls]` remains hidden by default
category: embedded elements
*/
img, svg, video, canvas, audio, iframe, embed, object {
display: block;
vertical-align: middle;
max-width: 100%;
}
audio:not([controls]) { display:none; }
/* @docs
label: Responsive Images
note: |
These new elements display inline by default,
but that's not the expected behavior for either one.
This can interfere with proper layout and aspect-ratio handling.
1. Remove the unnecessary wrapping `picture`, while maintaining contents
2. Source elements have nothing to display, so we hide them entirely
category: embedded elements
*/
picture { display: contents; }
source { display: none; }
/* @docs
label: Aspect Ratios
note: |
Maintain intrinsic aspect ratios when `max-width` is applied.
`iframe`, `embed`, and `object` are also embedded,
but have no intrinsic ratio,
so their `height` needs to be set explicitly.
category: embedded elements
*/
img, svg, video, canvas {
height: auto;
}
/* @docs
label: Audio Width
note: |
There is no good reason elements default to 300px,
and audio files are unlikely to come with a width attribute.
category: embedded elements
*/
audio { width: 100%; }
/* @docs
label: Image Borders
note: |
Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10 and earlier.
category: legacy browsers
*/
img { border-style: none; }
/* @docs
label: SVG Overflow
note: |
Hide the overflow in IE 10 and earlier.
category: legacy browsers
*/
svg { overflow: hidden; }
/* @docs
label: HTML5 Elements
note: |
Default block display on HTML5 elements.
For oldIE to apply this styling one needs to add some JS as well (i.e. `document.createElement("main")`)
links:
- https://www.sitepoint.com/html5-older-browsers-and-the-shiv/
category: legacy browsers
*/
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, nav, section {
display: block;
}
/* @docs
label: Checkbox & Radio Inputs
note: |
1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10
2. Remove the padding in IE 10
category: legacy browsers
*/
[type='checkbox'],
[type='radio'] {
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 0;
}Et puis j’ai finalement trouvé celle qui pourrait bien nous servir, et d’ailleurs elle est déjà en œuvre ici même :
Feuille de style modern-normalize.css
/*! modern-normalize v1.0.0 | MIT License | https://github.com/sindresorhus/modern-normalize */
/*
Document
========
*/
/**
Use a better box model (opinionated).
*/
*,
*::before,
*::after {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
/**
Use a more readable tab size (opinionated).
*/
:root {
-moz-tab-size: 4;
tab-size: 4;
}
/**
1. Correct the line height in all browsers.
2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS.
*/
html {
line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}
/*
Sections
========
*/
/**
Remove the margin in all browsers.
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/**
Improve consistency of default fonts in all browsers. (https://github.com/sindresorhus/modern-normalize/issues/3)
*/
body {
font-family:
system-ui,
-apple-system, /* Firefox supports this but not yet `system-ui` */
'Segoe UI',
Roboto,
Helvetica,
Arial,
sans-serif,
'Apple Color Emoji',
'Segoe UI Emoji';
}
/*
Grouping content
================
*/
/**
1. Add the correct height in Firefox.
2. Correct the inheritance of border color in Firefox. (https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=190655)
*/
hr {
height: 0; /* 1 */
color: inherit; /* 2 */
}
/*
Text-level semantics
====================
*/
/**
Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, and Safari.
*/
abbr[title] {
text-decoration: underline dotted;
}
/**
Add the correct font weight in Edge and Safari.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bolder;
}
/**
1. Improve consistency of default fonts in all browsers. (https://github.com/sindresorhus/modern-normalize/issues/3)
2. Correct the odd 'em' font sizing in all browsers.
*/
code,
kbd,
samp,
pre {
font-family:
ui-monospace,
SFMono-Regular,
Consolas,
'Liberation Mono',
Menlo,
monospace; /* 1 */
font-size: 1em; /* 2 */
}
/**
Add the correct font size in all browsers.
*/
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
/**
Prevent 'sub' and 'sup' elements from affecting the line height in all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
/*
Tabular data
============
*/
/**
1. Remove text indentation from table contents in Chrome and Safari. (https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=999088, https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=201297)
2. Correct table border color inheritance in all Chrome and Safari. (https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=935729, https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=195016)
*/
table {
text-indent: 0; /* 1 */
border-color: inherit; /* 2 */
}
/*
Forms
=====
*/
/**
1. Change the font styles in all browsers.
2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari.
*/
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
font-family: inherit; /* 1 */
font-size: 100%; /* 1 */
line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */
margin: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge and Firefox.
1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox.
*/
button,
select { /* 1 */
text-transform: none;
}
/**
Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
*/
button,
[type='button'],
[type='reset'],
[type='submit'] {
-webkit-appearance: button;
}
/**
Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox.
*/
::-moz-focus-inner {
border-style: none;
padding: 0;
}
/**
Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule.
*/
:-moz-focusring {
outline: 1px dotted ButtonText;
}
/**
Remove the additional ':invalid' styles in Firefox.
See: https://github.com/mozilla/gecko-dev/blob/2f9eacd9d3d995c937b4251a5557d95d494c9be1/layout/style/res/forms.css#L728-L737
*/
:-moz-ui-invalid {
box-shadow: none;
}
/**
Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out 'fieldset' elements in all browsers.
*/
legend {
padding: 0;
}
/**
Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome and Firefox.
*/
progress {
vertical-align: baseline;
}
/**
Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Safari.
*/
::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}
/**
1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari.
2. Correct the outline style in Safari.
*/
[type='search'] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */
}
/**
Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS.
*/
::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/**
1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari.
2. Change font properties to 'inherit' in Safari.
*/
::-webkit-file-upload-button {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */
font: inherit; /* 2 */
}
/*
Interactive
===========
*/
/*
Add the correct display in Chrome and Safari.
*/
summary {
display: list-item;
}Elle a l’air plus complète que la précédente et j’avoue que j’ai l’intuition, encore, que celle-ci pourrait bien être notre élue !
Au passage j’ai pour l’instant ajouté ça comme un sous-module git du dépôt du thème, mais ça serait pas mal de prévoir une procédure de livraison qui fusionne tout ça… Sans utiliser Sass qui me parait de moins en moins utile.